
In Boundary Bay, British Columbia, the apparently ecologically analogous species Haminoea vesicula (Gould, 1855) was reported to have been extremely abundant in the past, with densities 200 individuals per m2 (Baldwin and Lovvorn 1994). However, a recent survey of the same area in 2011 revealed an abundant population of H. japonica and a complete absence of H. vesicula (personal observation D.H.). Although the relationship between H. vesicula and H. japonica in Boundary Bay is unclear, further studies may show that the apparent decline of H. vesicula could be attributed to the presence of H. japonica.