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  • Adult (Photo: David Cappaert, www.forestryimages.org)
  • Adult - side view (Photo: David Cappaert, www.forestryimages.org)
  • Damage to crown of tree (Photo: Joseph O Brien, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org)
  • Egg cluster (Photo: David Cappaert, www.forestryimages.org)
  • Apparently healthy tree with galleries (Photo: James W. Smith, USDA APHIS PPQ, www.forestryimages.org)
  • Larva(e) (Photo: David Cappaert, www.forestryimages.org)
  • Larva(e) (Photo: David Cappaert, www.forestryimages.org)
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Common name
emerald ash borer (English)
Synonym
Similar species
Agrilus anxius, Agrilus bilineatus, Agrilus subcinctus
Summary
Agrilus planipennis, commonly known as the emerald ash borer (EAB), is an insect from a family of beetles generally referred to as metallic wood-boring beetles. A. planipennis is native to Asia and eastern Russia, and is only a minor pest in its native range. The beetle was discovered in Michigan and Ontario, Canada in 2002. Despite quarantine regulations and eradication attempts including burning of large numbers of infested trees, A. planipennis continues to spread. It is now present in Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia and parts of Canada. It colonizes and kills ash trees in the genus Fraxinus killing healthy ash trees in urban and forested areas. It now threatens more than eight billion ash trees in the continental United States. This has had significant ecological and economic effects. Similar damage is now occurring in the region of Moscow, Russia which causes serious concern for Europe if it continues to spread.
Species Description
The adult A. planipennis is 8.5 - 14.0 mm long and 3.1 - 3.4 mm. wide. The body which is narrow, elongate and cuniform is a metallic blue-green colour. It is commonly called the emerald ash borer. Mature larvae are 26 - 32 mm long and creamy white in color. The head of the larva is flat and the vertex is shield-shaped. The compound eyes are kidney shaped and somewhat bronze coloured. The prothorax is transversely rectangular and it is slightly wider than the head, but is the same width as the anterior margin of the elytra. The anterior margin of the elytra is raised forming a transverse ridge, the surface of which is covered with punctures. The posterior margins of the elytra are round and obtuse with small tooth-like knobby projections on the edge. The eggs of the emerald ash borer which are light yellow in colour turn brownish yellow just before hatching. The eggs which have a slightly convex centre are oval and 1 x 0.6 mm in size. The head is small and brown and it is retracted into the prothorax, exposing only the mouthparts. The prothorax is enlarged, whereas the meso- and meta-thorax are slightly narrower; the mesothorax bears spiracles. The abdomen is 10-segmented; the 1st to 8th segments with one pair of spiracles each and the last segment bears one pair of brownish serrated styles. Pupae are 10 -14 mm long and they are creamy white in color. The antennae stretch back to the base of the elytra and the last few segments of the abdomen bend slightly ventral (Nomura, 2002).
Lifecycle Stages
Initial observations led researchers to believe that A. planipennis had a one year life cycle in North America and other introduced locations (e.g. Scarr et al. 2002). However further observations caused Cappaert et al. (2005) to reevaulate the voltinism of A. planipennis and suggest that it actually has a semivoltine (two year) life cycle in North America. “It is not yet clear why delayed larval development occurs or what proportion of A. planipennis larvae require 2 yr for development. Although delayed development appears to be more common in low-density A. planipennis populations, we also have found that 2-yr development occurs occasionally in moderately to heavily infested trees in the core area of the infestation. It is possible that a second year of development is required when oviposition occurs late in the summer and larvae do not reach the prepupal stage before winter. Alternatively, a chemical or mechanical defensive response by newly infested trees may slow larval development, but other factors, such as cold temperatures or low nutrient levels, may also be involved. Additional studies are planned to address this phenomenon because it has important implications for survey activities and dynamics of A. planipennis population” (Cappaert et al. 2005).

Adult: Adults emerge from mid May to early June, depending on local conditions. According to Cappaert et al. (2005) “Adults live for around 3 to 6 weeks, with peak activity from late June to early July in southeastern Michigan. Adults feed on ash foliage for 5 to 7 days before mating, and females feed for another 5 to 7 days before oviposition.”
Egg: Eggs are laid in bark crevices or under bark flaps (Bauer et al. 2004a in Cappaert et al. 2005) and hatch in seven to nine days (Nomura 2002).
Larva: Studies in southeastern Michigan revealed that larvae hatch in late June or early August (Cappaert et al. 2005). According to Scarr et al. (2002) “After hatching, first-instar larvae initially bore through the bark to feed on the phloem and eventually feed on the outer surface of the sapwood as they grow. Growing larvae as they feed form tunnels that are flat and wide, and zig-zag (S-shaped) throughout the bast and outer sapwood. Tunnels may be as long as 9 to16 cm and they are filled with brownish sawdust and frass. In Michigan, U.S.A. tunnels are reported to be between 20 and 30 cm long. Most of the tunnels tend to occur in the basal portion of the tree trunk up to a height of 1.8 m.” Cappaert et al. (2005) report that “As larvae feed they excise serpentine galleries through phloem, until cessation of feeding in October or November. Larvae then excavate a ~1cm deep cell in the sapwood or outer bark where they overwinter as prepupal larvae. Larvae pass through four instars”.
Pupa: Cappaert et al. (2005) report that “Pupation begins in mid-April and continues into May. Adults emerge approximately 3 weeks later.” Pupal development is variable according to humidity and temperature. After pupae transform into adults in the spring, the beetle takes 1 to 2 weeks before it emerges through D-shaped exit holes 3-4 mm wide (APHIS-USDA 2008).

Reproduction
Adults emerge from exit holes in tree trunks from mid-May onwards. Mating occurs seven to ten days after emergence and multiple matings often occur (Bauer et al. 2004a; Lyons et al. 2004 in Cappaert et al. 2005).Oviposition occurs seven to nine days after mating (Nomura 2002) .In captivity most females lay 60-90 eggs, although up to 258 eggs has been recorded over a 6 week span (Lyons et al. 2004 in Cappaert et al. 2005). Eggs are laid in bark crevices or under bark flaps. Eggs are cream colored, but turn reddish brown after a few days (Bauer et al. 2004a in Cappaert et al. 2005).
Pathway
Although Agrilus planipennis is a good flier, human activities are the primary cause of long distance spread. This includes moving infested trees, logs, and firewood (MDNR, 2004).Movement of infected nursery stock (Herms et al. 2003).

Principal source: Smitley and McCullough, 2004 How Homeowners Can Protect Ash Trees From the Emerald Ash Borer in Southeastern Michigan.

Compiler: National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) & IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)

Review: Dr. Deborah G. McCullough Associate Professor Dept. of Entomology and Dept. of Forestry Michigan State University USA

Publication date: 2006-08-14

Recommended citation: Global Invasive Species Database (2024) Species profile: Agrilus planipennis. Downloaded from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Agrilus+planipennis on 02-11-2024.

General Impacts
Nomura (2002) states that, \"During the early stage of an infestation, when A. planipennis population is low, the initial damage is low. However, after 2 to 3 years of continuous infestation, the population builds up, and eventually the tree's nutrient and water transport system is disrupted, culminating in wilting and eventual tree mortality. A. planipennis will kill apparently healthy trees during high beetle population levels which are probably triggered by a few years of hot and dry climatic conditions. A. planipennis can cause severe damage to ash stands over 8 years of age that are not crown-closed, with good sun light penetration, and that are comprised of trees with bark fractures. After 1 to 2 years of infestation, the bark often falls off in pieces from damaged trees thereby exposing the tunnel-ridden sapwood.\"

Nomura (2002) reports that damage consists of, \"D-shaped exit holes along the lower bole surface are clear signs of buprestid beetle activity, however, careful examination is required as these are very cryptic. Frass filled, zigzagging tunnels about 6mm wide at the sapwood/bast interface are signs of A. planipennis feeding. Callus tissue produced by the tree in response to larval feeding may cause vertical splits 5 -10cm in length to occur in the bark above a gallery.\" MDNR (2004) states that, \"Infested trees exhibit top-down dieback, with 1/3 to 1/2 of branches dying the first year and the remaining canopy dying the following year. This is often followed by a large number of shoots arising below the dead portions of the trunk. Borers make a small (1/16 inch diameter) \"D\"-shaped hole when entering the tree and several distinct \"S\"-shaped tunnels may be present under the bark. Trees may also exhibit 5-10cm vertical splits in the bark in response to larval feeding.

A. planipennis attacks ash trees in the genus Fraxinus. All North American ash species that occur within the current EAB range have been killed by EAB, including white ash (F. Americana), green ash (F. pennsylvanica), black ash (F. nigra), blue ash (F. quadrangulara) and pumpkin ash (F. profunda) (Lindell et al. 2008). Attacks on non-ash species have not been observed in North America to date, but there is concern that other species could be vulnerable. If A. planipennis host range extends beyond Fraxinus spp., the impacts of this invasive pest in North American forests would increase dramatically. Anulewicz et al. (2008) assessed A. planipennis landing rates, oviposition and larval development in a number of North American tree species. They found that “although A. planipennis adults will occasionally land on and oviposit on logs and trees of non-ash species, A. planipennis larvae did not successfully develop on anything other than Fraxinus species” (Anulewicz et al. 2008).

The three main ash species in Europe are F. excelsior, the most widespread species, and F. ornus and F. angustifolia. Nothing is known of the susceptibility of these to A. planipennis, so evaluating the resistance of these European species should be a research priority. F. excelsior is a common forest and urban tree used for timber, flooring, tool making and for its medicinal properties (FRAXIGEN 2005 in Baranchikov et al. 2008). All three species are important components of forest ecosystems in Europe and “their disappearance would have serious consequences for native biodiversity and ecosystem services” (Baranchikov et al. 2008).

Countries (or multi-country features) with distribution records for Agrilus planipennis
ALIEN RANGE
NATIVE RANGE
  • china
  • japan
  • korea, republic of
  • mongolia
  • russian federation
  • taiwan
Informations on Agrilus planipennis has been recorded for the following locations. Click on the name for additional informations.
Lorem Ipsum
Location Status Invasiveness Occurrence Source
Details of Agrilus planipennis in information
Status
Invasiveness
Arrival date
Occurrence
Source
Introduction
Species notes for this location
Location note
Management notes for this location
Impact
Mechanism:
Outcome:
Ecosystem services:
Impact information
Nomura (2002) states that, \"During the early stage of an infestation, when A. planipennis population is low, the initial damage is low. However, after 2 to 3 years of continuous infestation, the population builds up, and eventually the tree's nutrient and water transport system is disrupted, culminating in wilting and eventual tree mortality. A. planipennis will kill apparently healthy trees during high beetle population levels which are probably triggered by a few years of hot and dry climatic conditions. A. planipennis can cause severe damage to ash stands over 8 years of age that are not crown-closed, with good sun light penetration, and that are comprised of trees with bark fractures. After 1 to 2 years of infestation, the bark often falls off in pieces from damaged trees thereby exposing the tunnel-ridden sapwood.\"

Nomura (2002) reports that damage consists of, \"D-shaped exit holes along the lower bole surface are clear signs of buprestid beetle activity, however, careful examination is required as these are very cryptic. Frass filled, zigzagging tunnels about 6mm wide at the sapwood/bast interface are signs of A. planipennis feeding. Callus tissue produced by the tree in response to larval feeding may cause vertical splits 5 -10cm in length to occur in the bark above a gallery.\" MDNR (2004) states that, \"Infested trees exhibit top-down dieback, with 1/3 to 1/2 of branches dying the first year and the remaining canopy dying the following year. This is often followed by a large number of shoots arising below the dead portions of the trunk. Borers make a small (1/16 inch diameter) \"D\"-shaped hole when entering the tree and several distinct \"S\"-shaped tunnels may be present under the bark. Trees may also exhibit 5-10cm vertical splits in the bark in response to larval feeding.

A. planipennis attacks ash trees in the genus Fraxinus. All North American ash species that occur within the current EAB range have been killed by EAB, including white ash (F. Americana), green ash (F. pennsylvanica), black ash (F. nigra), blue ash (F. quadrangulara) and pumpkin ash (F. profunda) (Lindell et al. 2008). Attacks on non-ash species have not been observed in North America to date, but there is concern that other species could be vulnerable. If A. planipennis host range extends beyond Fraxinus spp., the impacts of this invasive pest in North American forests would increase dramatically. Anulewicz et al. (2008) assessed A. planipennis landing rates, oviposition and larval development in a number of North American tree species. They found that “although A. planipennis adults will occasionally land on and oviposit on logs and trees of non-ash species, A. planipennis larvae did not successfully develop on anything other than Fraxinus species” (Anulewicz et al. 2008).

The three main ash species in Europe are F. excelsior, the most widespread species, and F. ornus and F. angustifolia. Nothing is known of the susceptibility of these to A. planipennis, so evaluating the resistance of these European species should be a research priority. F. excelsior is a common forest and urban tree used for timber, flooring, tool making and for its medicinal properties (FRAXIGEN 2005 in Baranchikov et al. 2008). All three species are important components of forest ecosystems in Europe and “their disappearance would have serious consequences for native biodiversity and ecosystem services” (Baranchikov et al. 2008).

Red List assessed species 0:
Mechanism
[2] Parasitism
[2] Grazing/Herbivory/Browsing
Outcomes
[2] Environmental Ecosystem - Habitat
  • [1] Reduction in native biodiversity
  • [1] Habitat degradation
[8] Socio-Economic
  • [1] Damage to agriculture
  • [6] Damage to forestry
  • [1] Modification of landscape
Bibliography
51 references found for Agrilus planipennis

Management information
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 2006. The U. S. Department of Agriculture�s News Release USDA Expands emerald ash borer Quarantine in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio.
Summary: Quarantine regulation APHIS November 2006
Available from: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/content/2006/11/eab_fed_order.shtml [Accessed 27 November 2006]
APHIS. 2006. Questions and Answers: Emerald Ash Borer Quarantine [Retrieved 2 February, 2009]
Summary: A factsheet produced by APHIS with common questions and answers about the emerald ash borer quarantine restrictions in the United States. Available from http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/plant_health/content/printable_version/emerald_ash_borer_faqs.pdf
Bauer, L.S., Liu, H. & Gould, J. 2007. Progress on biological control of emerald ash borer. Emerald Ash Borer Research and Development Review Meeting � 2007: 56-58.
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2004. Emerald Ash Borer.
Summary: Available from: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/protect/pestrava/ashfre/agrplae.shtml [Accessed 30 November 2004]
Chen, Z., White, M.S., Keena, M.A., Poland, T.M. & Clark, E.L. 2008. Evaluation of vacuum technology to kill larvae of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in wood. Forest Products Journal 58(11): 87-93.
Crook, D.J., Khrimian, A., Francese, J.A., Fraser, I., Poland, T.M., Sawyer, A.J. & Mastro, V.C. 2008. Development of a host-based semiochemical lure for trapping emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Environmental Entomology 37(2): 356-365.
de Groot, P., Grant, G.G, Poland, T.M., Scharbach, R., Buchan, L., Nott, R.W., Macdonald, L. & Pitt, D. 2008. Electrophysiological response and attraction of emerald ash borer to green leaf volatiles (GLVs) emitted by host foliage. Journal of Chemical Ecology 34: 1170-1179.
emeraldashborer.com
Summary: This Web site is part of a multinational effort in Michigan, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Ontario and Quebec to bring you the latest information about emerald ash borer.
Available from: http://www.emeraldashborer.info/index.cfm [Accessed 21 November 2012]
Francese, J.A., Oliver, J.B., Fraser, I., Lance, D.R., Youssef, N., Sawyer, A.J. & Mastro, V.C. 2008. Influence of trap placement and design on capture of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 101(6): 1831-1837.
Hermes, A.A; Stone, A.K; and Chatfield, J.A., 2003. Emerald Ash Borer: the beginning of the end of ash in North America.
Summary: Available from: http://hancock.osu.edu/hort/mgpdf/hermsbeginofend.pdf [Accessed 30 November 2004]
Illinois Dept of Agriculture., June 13 2006. Emerald ash borer confirmed in Illinois.
Summary: Available from: http://www.agr.state.il.us/newsrels/r0613061.html [Accessed July 2006]
International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), 2002. International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) No. 15 (2002) with modifications to Annex I (2006) Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade ( PUBLICATION )
Summary: Available from: https://www.ippc.int/servlet/BinaryDownloaderServlet/133703_ISPM15_2002_with_Ann.pdf?filename=1152091663986_ISPM_15_2002_with_Annex1_2006_E.pdf&refID=133703 [Accessed November 20]
Keiran, Monique., 2004. Battling the beetle In Nature Canada.
Summary: Available from: http://www.cnf.ca/naturecanada/summer04/battle.html [Accessed 30 November 2004]
Lelito, J.P., Fraser, I., Mastro, V.C., Tumlinson, J.H. & Baker, T.C. 2008. Novel visual-cue-based sticky traps for monitoring of emerald ash borers, Agrilus planipennis (Col., Buprestidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 132: 668-674.
Lindell, C.A., McCullough, D.G., Cappaert, D., Apostolou, N.M., Roth, M.B. 2008. Factors influencing woodpecker predation on emerald ash borer. The American Midland Naturalist 159: 434-444.
Liu, H. & Bauer, L.S. 2008-a. Microbial control of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with Beauveria bassiana strain GHA: field applications. Biocontrol Science and Technology 18(6): 557-571.
Liu, H. & Bauer, L.S. 2008-b. Microbial control of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with Beauveria bassiana strain GHA: greenhouse and field trials. Biological Control 45: 124-132.
McCullough, D.G & Roberts, D.L., 2003. Pest Alert. (Draft) Emerald Ash Borer
McCullough, D.G. & Siegert, N.W. 2007. Estimating potential emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) populations using ash inventory data. Journal of Economic Entomology 100(5): 1577-1586.
MDNR (Michigan Department of Natural Resources). 2004. Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis). Wildlife Species & Habitat.
Summary: Available from: http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12145_12204-69875--,00.html [Accessed 30 November 2004]
Michigan Department of Agriculture. 2003. Emerald Ash Borer Michigan Eradication Strategy.
Summary: Available from: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDA_EAB_Strategy_86341_7.pdf [Accessed 30 November 2004]
MNR, 2003. Ministry of Natural Resources. Ontario . Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Forest Health Alert - 3
Summary: Available from: http://ontariosforests.mnr.gov.on.ca/spectrasites/viewers/showArticle.cfm?objectid=8C3E31C3-EFA8-4C0E-990E546CBA97ED3B&method=DISPLAYFULLNOBARNOTITLEWITHRELATED&id=8C3E31C3-EFA8-4C0E-990E546CBA97ED3B&siteid=4955403F-D8E4-4346-8F11DB6760C4B847 [Accessed 30 November 2004]
Nzokou, P., Petrice, T.R., Haack, R.A. & Kamdem, D.P. 2006. Borate and imidacloprid treatment of ash logs infested with the emerald ash borer. Forest Products Journal 56(5): 78-81.
Nzokou, P., Tourtellot, S. & Kamdem, D.P. 2008-A. Kiln and microwave heat treatment of logs infested by the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Forest Products Journal 58(7-8): 68-72.
Nzokou, P., Tourtellot, S. & Kamdem, D.P. 2008-B. Impact of pesticides borate and imidacloprid on insect emergence from logs infested by the emerald ash borer. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 34(3): 173-178.
Nzokou, P., Tourtellot, S. & Kamdem, D.P. 2008-C. Sanitizaiton of logs infested by exotic pests: case study of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) treatments using conventional heat and microwave. USDA
Pontius, J., Martin, M., Plourde, L. & Hallett. 2007. Ash decline assessment in emerald ash borer-infested regions: A test of tree-level, hyperspectral technologies. Remote Sensing of Environment 112: 2665-2676.
Purdue Entomology Extension, 2006. National Map. Emerald ash borer Information, Purdue University
Summary: National map
Available from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/EAB/images/maps/fullSize/nationalMap.gif [Accessed 27 November 2006]
Smitley, D., and D. McCullough. 2004. How Homeowners Can Protect Ash Trees From the Emerald Ash Borer in Southeastern Michigan
Summary: Available from: http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/Howtoprotectashtrees3-04.pdf [Accessed 30 November 2004]
United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) GAO-06-353 Report, April 21, 2006. Invasive Forest Pests: Lessons Learned from Three Recent Infestations May Aid in Managing Future Efforts.
Summary: Invasive forest pests have seriously harmed our environment and imposed significant costs upon our economy. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the lead agency for responding to forest pests. This report evaluates the federal response to three invasive forest pests�the Asian longhorned beetle, the emerald ash borer, and the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum (P. ramorum).Specifically, GAO describes (1) the status of efforts to eradicate these species, (2) the factors affecting the success of those efforts, (3) overall forest health monitoring programs, (4) coordination and communication of the three pest response efforts, and (5) USDA�s use of panels of scientific experts to aid in the response efforts.
Available from: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06353.pdf [Accessed 20 May 2006]
USDA. 2009. Emerald ash borer. [Retrieved 29 January, 2009]
Summary: An excellent website with detailed and up to date information about emerald ash borer distribution in the United States, ecology and management. Also has detailed information for public about identification, quarantine restriciton information, FAQs and what to do if infestation suspected. Available from http://www.emeraldashborer.info/
Walker, K. 2006. Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) Pest and Diseases Image Library. Updated on 24/09/2006 8:07:11 AM.
Summary: PaDIL (Pests and Diseases Image Library) is a Commonwealth Government initiative, developed and built by Museum Victoria s Online Publishing Team, with support provided by DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry) and PHA (Plant Health Australia), a non-profit public company. Project partners also include Museum Victoria, the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and the Queensland University of Technology. The aim of the project is: 1) Production of high quality images showing primarily exotic targeted organisms of plant health concern to Australia. 2) Assist with plant health diagnostics in all areas, from initial to high level. 3) Capacity building for diagnostics in plant health, including linkage developments between training and research organisations. 4) Create and use educational tools for training undergraduates/postgraduates. 5) Engender public awareness about plant health concerns in Australia. PaDIL is available from : http://www.padil.gov.au/aboutOverview.aspx, this page is available from: http://www.padil.gov.au/viewPestDiagnosticImages.aspx?id=307 [Accessed 6 October 2006]
Zablotny., J. E. , Undated. USDA APHIS PPQ Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire Screening Aid
Summary: Available from: http://www.emeraldashborer.info/files/agriscrn.pdf [Accessed 30 November 2004]
General information
Anulewicz, A.C., McCullough, D.G., Cappaert, D.L. & Poland, T.M. 2008. Host range of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America: results of multiple-choice field experiments. Environmental Entomology 37(1): 230-241.
Baranchikov, Y., Mozolevskaya, E., Yurchenko, G. & Kenis, M. 2008. Occurrence of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis in Russia and its potential impact on European forestry. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 38: 233-238.
Cappaert, D., McCullough, D.G., Poland, T.M. & Siegert, N.W. 2005. Emerald ash borer in North America: a research and regulatory challenge. American Entomologist 51(3): 152-165.
CONABIO. 2008. Sistema de informaci�n sobre especies invasoras en M�xico. Especies invasoras - Insectos. Comisi�n Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Fecha de acceso.
Summary: English:
The species list sheet for the Mexican information system on invasive species currently provides information related to Scientific names, family, group and common names, as well as habitat, status of invasion in Mexico, pathways of introduction and links to other specialised websites. Some of the higher risk species already have a direct link to the alert page. It is important to notice that these lists are constantly being updated, please refer to the main page (http://www.conabio.gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Portada), under the section Novedades for information on updates.
Invasive species - insects is available from: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Especies_invasoras_-_Insectos [Accessed 30 July 2008]
Spanish:
La lista de especies del Sistema de informaci�n sobre especies invasoras de m�xico cuenta actualmente con informaci�n aceca de nombre cient�fico, familia, grupo y nombre com�n, as� como h�bitat, estado de la invasi�n en M�xico, rutas de introducci�n y ligas a otros sitios especializados. Algunas de las especies de mayor riesgo ya tienen una liga directa a la p�gina de alertas. Es importante resaltar que estas listas se encuentran en constante proceso de actualizaci�n, por favor consulte la portada (http://www.conabio.gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Portada), en la secci�n novedades, para conocer los cambios.
Especies invasoras - Insectos is available from: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Especies_invasoras_-_Insectos [Accessed 30 July 2008]
Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2006. Invasive forest pests: lessons learned from three recent infestations may aid in managing future efforts (GAO-06-353). United States Government Accountability Office Washington, D.C. 20548.
Summary: Available from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06353.pdf
ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), 2004. Online Database Agrilus
Summary: An online database that provides taxonomic information, common names, synonyms and geographical jurisdiction of a species. In addition links are provided to retrieve biological records and collection information from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Data Portal and bioscience articles from BioOne journals.
Available from: http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=188437 [Accessed 30 November 2004]
Maryland Department of Agriculture. 2009. Emerald Ash Borer in Maryland. [Accessed 29 January, 2009]
Summary: Available from http://www.mda.state.md.us/plants-pests/eab/
Nomura, S. 2002. Agrilus planipennis. Canadian Food Inspection Agency Science Branch.
Summary: Available from: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/sci/surv/data/agrplae.shtml [Accessed 30 November 2004]
Rebek, E.J., Herms, D.A. & Smitley, D.R. 2008. Interspecific variation in resistance to emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) among North American and Asian ash (Fraxinus spp.). Environmental Entomolgoy 37(1): 242-246.
Syndor, T.D., Bumgardner, M. & Todd, A. 2007. The potential economic impacts of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) on Ohio, U.S., communities. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 33(1): 48-54.
Wang, X.Y., Yang, Z.Q., Wu, H. & Gould, J.R. 2008. Effects of host size on the sex ration, clutch size and size of adult Spathius agrili, an ectoparasitoid of emerald ash borer. Biological Control 44: 7-12
Yang, Z.Q., Wang, X.Y., Gould, J.R. & Wu, H. 2008. Host specificity of Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an important parasitoid of the emerald ash borer. Biological Control 47: 216-221.
Contact
The following 5 contacts offer information an advice on Agrilus planipennis
Baranchikov,
Dr. Yuri
Organization:
Department of Forest Zoology, Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Address:
Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
Phone:
+7(3912)-49-48-36
Fax:
+7(3912)-49-48-36
Cappaert,
David
Organization:
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University
Address:
1112 Olden Rd Mich State Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 E. Lansing, MI 48824
Phone:
734-635 7750 (cell)
Fax:
Lindell,
Catherine A.
Catherine Lindell studies the consequences of environmental change for the behavior and ecology of organisms. She uses concepts from the fields of conservation biology and restoration ecology to study the effects of small and large-scale changes in land-cover for biodiversity. She has also investigated relationships between the invasive Emerald Ash Borer and North American woodpeckers.
Organization:
Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University
Address:
Dept. of Zoology, 203 Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Phone:
(517) 884-1241
Fax:
(517) 432-2789
McCullough,
Deborah G.
Webpage
Dr. McCullough has an active research, extension and teaching program in forest entomology. She works closely with natural resource agencies, Christmas tree growers and private landowners to identify impacts and contributing factors associated with damaging forest insect populations, and to develop long-term management strategies to conserve or enhance forest health. Research interests include dynamics of forest insect populations, effects of disturbance on forest insect communities and interactions between native and exotic forest insects. Current projects address jack pine budworm ecology and management, gypsy moth management, biological control and effects on native insects, interactions among exotic and native bark beetles and their predators, and development of guidelines to reduce white pine weevil damage.
Organization:
Associate Professor Dept. of Entomology and Dept. of Forestry Michigan State University
Address:
243 Natural Science Building East Circle Drive East Lansing, MI 48824
Phone:
(517)-355-7445
Fax:
(517)-353-4354
Nzokou,
Pascal
Organization:
Assistant Professor, Forestry and Sustainable AgroEcosystems, Extension Specialist, Department of Forestry, Michigan State University
Address:
126 Natural Resources Bldg, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
Phone:
517 432 5664
Fax:
517 432 1143
Agrilus planipennis
emerald ash borer
Date assessed
Year published
Eicat category
Justification for EICAT assessment
Confidence rating
Mechanism(s) of maximum impact
Countries of most severe impact
Description of impacts
Assessor
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Recommended citation
(2024). Agrilus planipennis. IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT).