GISD

Lonicera maackii

System : Terrestrial

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Plantae

Magnoliophyta

Magnoliopsida

Dipsacales

Caprifoliaceae

Full account (PDF)

General
Distribution
Impact
Management
Bibliography
Contact

Common name

Synonym

Lonicera maackii , (Rupr.) Maxim.

Similar species

Summary

Native to eastern Asia, Lonicera maackii was introduced to the United States as an ornamental shrub. Reported from 24 states in the US L. maackii is an invader of disturbed or secondary forest habitats. It forms dense thickets along edge habitats and forest canopies with the potential to alter ecosystem functioning and community structure.

view this species on IUCN Red List

Species Description

Lonicera maackii can reach a height of 7 m. It has multiple stems and the leaves are dark-green and opposite. The stem is opposite branched and tan and could be percieved as a braided-strand. The bark often flakes off the stem. In older Lonicera maackii the stems are hollow. The leaves are ovate and oblong and have rounded to subcordate bases. They range from 3-10cm long. The petioles are 2.5-10cm long. Axillary has bracted with short-stemmed clusters and has one or more flowers. Berries are green and as they ripen they turn pink to red (Miller, 2003). The roots are fibrous and spreading.

Lifecycle Stages

In warm and moist conditions with light, seeds will germinate in 18 days (Luken and Goessling, 1995). Fruit will not be produced until 3-5 years (Luken and Thieret, 1996).

Uses

Lonicera maackii is a popular landscape plant in North America (Bartuszevige, 2004).

Habitat Description

Lonicera maackii can be found in fields, forest edges, and disturbed areas with canopy openings. High light availability is ideal for L. maackii to invade (Musson and Mitsch, 2002).

Reproduction

White flowers emerge in spring turning yellow with age (Luken and Thieret, 1996). According to Hutchinon and Vankat (1998), Lonicera maackii \"produces numerous red berries that ripen in autumn and are bird dispersed.\"

Principal source: Hartman, K.M, B.C. McCarthy. 2004. Restoration of a Forest Understory After the Removal of an Invasive Shrub, Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii).

Compiler: National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) & IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)

Review:

Publication date: 2011-09-23

Recommended citation: Global Invasive Species Database (2024) Species profile: Lonicera maackii. Downloaded from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1225 on 20-04-2024.

General Impacts

Lonicera maackii is an invader of disturbed or secondary forest habitats. It forms dense thickets along edge habitats and forest canopies with the potential to alter ecosystem functioning and community structure.

Management Info

Chemical: Glyphosate herbicide is used in foliar treatment of Lonicera maackii. This is not the best method as it also kills the native understory. Stem injection with EZ-Ject lance is considered the most effective means of killing L. maackii (Hartman and McCarthy, 2004).

Physical: Hand pulling L. maackii is effective in moist ground, but should be done when the shrub is less than 3 years, otherwise it is likely to resprout. A polaski axe can also be used to get rid of plants (Hartman and McCarthy, 2004).

Locations

Countries (or multi-country features) with distribution records for Lonicera maackii

ALIEN RANGE

[1] canada
[18] united states

NATIVE RANGE

china
japan
korea, republic of
russian federation
turkey

Bibliography

74 references found for Lonicera maackii

Management information

Allan, Brian F.; Dutra, Humberto P.; Goessling, Lisa S.; Barnett, Kirk; Chase, Jonathan M.; Marquis, Robert J.; Pang, Genevieve; Storch, Gregory A.; Thach, Robert E.; Orrock, John L., 2010. Invasive honeysuckle eradication reduces tick-borne disease risk by altering host dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107(43). OCT 26 2010. 18523-18527.

Bartuszevige, Anne M.; Gorchov, David L., 2006. Avian seed dispersal of an invasive shrub. Biological Invasions. 8(5). JUL 2006. 1013-1022.

Bartuszevige, Anne M.; Gorchov, David L.; Raab, Lindsey, 2006. The relative importance of landscape and community features in the invasion of an exotic shrub in a fragmented landscape. Ecography. 29(2). APR 2006. 213-222.

Conley, Amy K.; Watling, James I.; Orrock, John L., 2011. Invasive plant alters ability to predict disease vector distribution. Ecological Applications. 21(2). MAR 2011. 329-334.

Gayek, Ann; Quigley, Martin F., 2001. Does topography affect the colonization of Lonicera maackii and Ligustrum vulgare in a forested glen in southwestern Ohio? Ohio Journal of Science. 101(5). December, 2001. 95-100.

Hartman, K.M, B.C. McCarthy. 2004. Restoration of a Forest Understory After the Removal of an Invasive Shrub, Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Restoration Ecology. 12(2): 154-165.
Summary: Evaluates different eradication methods for Amur Honeysuckle and how these methods affect the understory.

Hartman, Kurt M.; McCarthy, Brian C., 2004. Restoration of a forest understory after the removal of an invasive shrub, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Restoration Ecology. 12(2). June 2004. 154-165.

Loeb, Robert E.; Germeraad, Jesse; Treece, Travis; Wakefield, Daniel; Ward, Steve. 2010. Effects of 1-Year vs. Annual Treatment of Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) in Forests. Invasive Plant Science & Management. 3(3). JUL-SEP 2010. 334-339.

Luken, J. O., D.T. Mattimiro. 1991. Specific Resilience of the Invasive Shrub Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) During Repeated Clipping. Ecological Applications. 1(1): 104-109.
Summary: Discusses how L. maackii responds to clipping in a forest or open-grown environment.

McDonnell, A. L.; Mounteer, A. M.; Owen, H. R.; Todd, B. L., 2005. Influence of stem cutting and glyphosate treatment of Lonicera maackii, an exotic and invasive species, on stem regrowth and native species richness. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. 98(3-4). 2005. CP1.

Resasco, J.; Hale, A. N.; Henry, M. C.; Gorchov, D. L., 2007. Detecting an invasive shrub in a deciduous forest understory using late-fall Landsat sensor imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 28(16). 2007. 3739-3745.

Schulz, Kurt E.; Vaughan, Audrey; Remelius, Emilie, 2009. Physiologically Based Control of Invasive Asiatic Shrub Honeysuckle. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. 102(1-2). 2009. 21-32.

Shustack, Daniel P.; Rodewald, Amanda D.; Waite, Thomas A., 2009. Springtime in the city: exotic shrubs promote earlier greenup in urban forests. Biological Invasions. 11(6). JUN 2009. 1357-1371.

Trammell, L. E. Tara, Haylee A. Ralston, Shannon A. Scroggins, Margaret M. Carreiro, 2011. Foliar production and decomposition rates in urban forests invaded by the exotic invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii. Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-011-0093-9

General information

Bartuszevige, A.M. 2004. The Influence of Habitat Suitability, Landscape Structure, and Seed Dispersers on Invasion of an Exotic Plant Species, Lonicera maackii (Rupr) Herder, Amur Honeysuckle. Dissertation, Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Botany, Miami University (Ohio).
Summary: This dissertaition analyzes the invasion of Lonicera maackii in Ohio.
Available from: http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/send pdf.cgi/Bartuszevige%2C%20Anne%20M.pdf?acc_num=miami1102952156 [Accessed 15 May 2007]

Bartuszevige, Anne M.; Hrenko, Rikki L.; Gorchov, David L., 2007. Effects of leaf litter on establishment, growth and survival of invasive plant seedlings in a deciduous forest. American Midland Naturalist. 158(2). OCT 2007. 472-477.

Blair, Brent C.; Stowasser, Annette, 2009. Impact of Lonicera maackii on Decomposition Rates of Native Leaf Litter in a Southwestern Ohio Woodland. Ohio Journal of Science. 109(3). JUN 2009. 43-47.

Castellano, Steven M.; Boyce, Richard L., 2007. Spatial patterns of Juniperus virginiana and Lonicera maackii on a road cut in Kentucky, USA. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 134(2). APR-JUN 2007. 188-198.

Cipollini, Don; Stevenson, Randall; Cipollini, Kendra, 2008. Contrasting effects of allelochemicals from two invasive plants on the performance of a nonmycorrhizal plant. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 169(3). MAR-APR 2008. 371-375.

Cipollini, Don; Stevenson, Randall; Enright, Stephanie; Eyles, Alieta; Bonello, Pierluigi, 2008. Phenolic metabolites in leaves of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, and their potential phytotoxic and anti-herbivore effects. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 34(2). FEB 2008. 144-152.

Cipollini, Kendra A.; McClain, Georgette Y.; Cipollini, Don, 2008. Separating above- and belowground effects of Alliaria petiolata and Lonicera maackii on the performance of Impatiens capensis. American Midland Naturalist. 160(1). JUL 2008. 117-128.

Collier, Matthew H.; Vankat, John L.; Hughes, Michael R., 2002. Diminished plant richness and abundance below Lonicera maackii, an invasive shrub. American Midland Naturalist. 147(1). January, 2002. 60-71.

Collier, M.H., J.L. Vankat, M.R. Hughes. 2002. Diminished Plant Richness and Abundance Below Lonicera maackii, an Invasive Shrub. Am. Midl. Nat. 147: 60-71.
Summary: Discusses the effect of Lonicera maackii on the understory plants.

Deering, Ryan H.; Vankat, John L., 1999. Forest colonization and developmental growth of the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii American Midland Naturalist. 141(1). Jan., 1999. 43-50.

Demars, Brent G.; Boerner, Ralph E. J., 1997. Foliar nutrient dynamics and resorption in naturalized Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) populations in Ohio, USA. American Journal of Botany. 84(1). 1997. 112-117

Dorning, Monica; Cipollini, Don, 2006. Leaf and root extracts of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, inhibit seed germination of three herbs with no autotoxic effects. Plant Ecology. 184(2). JUN 2006. 287-296.

Dutra, Humberto P.; Barnett, Kirk; Reinhardt, Jason R.; Marquis, Robert J.; Orrock, John L. 2011. Invasive plant species alters consumer behavior by providing refuge from predation. Oecologia (Berlin). 166(3). JUL 2011. 649-657.

Flory, S. Luke; Clay, Keith., 2006. Invasive shrub distribution varies with distance to roads and stand age in eastern deciduous forests in Indiana, USA. Plant Ecology. 184(1). MAY 2006. 131-141

Goodell, Karen; McKinney, Amy M.; Lin, Chia-Hua., Pollen Linitation and Local Habitat-Dependant Pollinator Interactionc in the Invasive shrub Lonicera maackii. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 171(1). JAN 2010. 63-72.

Gorchov, David L.; Trisel, Donald E., 2003. Competitive effects of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder (Caprifoliaceae), on the growth and survival of native tree seedlings. Plant Ecology. 166(1). 2003. 13-24.

Gould, Andrew M. A.; Gorchov, David L., 2000. Effects of the exotic invasive shrub Lonicera maackii on the survival and fecundity of three species of native annuals. American Midland Naturalist. 144(1). July, 2000. 36-50.

Hartman, K. M.; McCarthy, B. C., 2007. A dendro-ecological study of forest overstorey productivity following the invasion of the non-indigenous shrub Lonicera maackii. Applied Vegetation Science. 10(1). APR 2007. 3-14.

Hartman, Kurt M.; McCarthy, Brian C., 2008. Changes in forest structure and species composition following invasion by a non-indigenous shrub, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 135(2). APR-JUN 2008. 245-259.

Herron, Patrick M.; Martine, Christopher T.; Latimer, Andrew M.; Leicht-Young, Stacey A., 2007. Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England. Diversity & Distributions. 13(5). SEP 2007. 633-644.

Huebner, Cynthia D., 2003. Vulnerability of oak-dominated forests in West Virginia to invasive exotic plants: Temporal and spatial patterns of nine exotic species using herbarium records and land classification data. Castanea. 68(1). March 2003. 1-14.

Hutchinson, T.F., J.L. Vankat. 1998. Landscape Structure and Spread of the Exotic Shrub Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) in Southwestern Ohio Forests. Am, Midl. Nat. 139: 383-390.
Summary: This article discusses how L. maackii spreads across a landscape.

Hutchinson, Todd F.; Vankat, John L., 1997. Invasibility and effects of Amur honeysuckle in Southwestern Ohio forests. Conservation Biology. 11(5). 1997. 1117-1124.

Hutchinson, Todd F.; Vankat, John L., 1998. Landscape structure and spread of the exotic shrub Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) in southwestern Ohio Forest. American Midland Naturalist. 139(2). April, 1998. 383-390.

Ingold J. L.; Craycraft M. J., 1983. Avian frugivory on honeysuckle Lonicera in Southwestern Ohio USA in Fall. Ohio Journal of Science. 83(5). 1983. 256-258.

ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), 2005. Online Database Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder.
Summary: An online database that provides taxonomic information, common names, synonyms and geographical jurisdiction of a species. In addition links are provided to retrieve biological records and collection information from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Data Portal and bioscience articles from BioOne journals.
Available from: http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=35298 [Accessed 14 January 2008]

Johnson, Vanessa S.; Litvaitis, John A.; Lee, Thomas D.; Frey, Serita D., 2006. The role of spatial and temporal scale in colonization and spread of invasive shrubs in early successional habitats. Forest Ecology & Management. 228(1-3). JUN 15 2006. 124-134.

Luken, James O., 2003. The invasion of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii; Caprifoliaceae): A chronicle of questions. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. 64(2). Fall 2003. 97-99.

Luken, James O.; Goessling, Norbert., 1995. Seedling distribution and potential persistence of the exotic shrub Lonicera maackii in fragmented forests. American Midland Naturalist. 133(1). 1995. 124-130

Luken, James O.; Kuddes, Linda M.; Tholemeier, Tim C.; Haller, David M., 1997. Comparative responses of Lonicera maackii (amur honeysuckle) and Lindera benzoin (spicebush) to increased light. American Midland Naturalist. 138(2). Oct., 1997. 331-343.

Luken, James O.; Thieret, John W., 1995. Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii: Caprifoliaceae): Its ascent, decline, and fall. SIDA Contributions to Botany. 16(3). 1995. 479-503.

Luken, James O.; Thieret, John W., 1996. Amur honeysuckle, its fall from grace. Bioscience. 46(1). 1996. 18-24.

Luken J. O, 1988. Population structure and Biomass allocation of the naturalized shrub Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim in forest and open habitats. American Midland Naturalist. 119(2). 1988. 258-267.

Luken, J. O., J.W. Thieret. 1997. Amur Honeysuckle, Its Fall from Grace. Arnoldia Fall 1997
Summary: This article discusses the history and biology of the invasive L. maackii.
Available from: http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/470.pdf [Accessed 15 May 2007]

Luken, J. O.; Kuddes, L. M.; Tholemeier, T. C., 1997. Response of understory species to gap formation and soil disturbance in Lonicera maackii thickets. Restoration Ecology. 5(3). 1997. 229-235.

Luken J. O; Mattimiro D. T., 1991. Habitat-specific resilience of the invasive shrub Amur honeysuckle Lonicera maackii during repeated clipping. Ecological Applications. 1(1). 1991. 104-109.

Luken, J. O., N. Goessling. 1995. Seedling Distribution and Potential Persistence of the Exotic Shrub Lonicera maackii in Fragmented Forests. Am. Midl. Nat. 133: 124-130.
Summary: Discusses how L. maackii can establish in different light environments and fragmented forest.

Luken, J. O.; Tholemeier, T. C.; Kuddes, L. M.; Kunkel, B. A., 1995. Performance, plasticity, and acclimation of the nonindigenous shrub Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) in contrasting light environments. Canadian Journal of Botany. 73(12). 1995. 1953-1961.

Mattos, Kaitlin J.; Orrock, John L., 2010. Behavioral consequences of plant invasion: an invasive plant alters rodent antipredator behavior. Behavioral Ecology. 21(3). MAY-JUN 2010. 556-561.

McDonnell, A.L.; Mounteer, A.M.; Owen, H.R.; Todd, B.L., 2005. Influence of stem cutting and glyphosate treatment of Lonicera maackii, an exotic and invasive species, on stem regrowth and native species richness. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. 98(1-2). 2005. 1-17.

McEvoy, Nicholas L.McEvoy, Nicholas L.; Durtsche, Richard D.Durtsche, Richard D., 2004. Effect of the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae; Amur honeysuckle) on autumn herpetofauna biodiversity. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. 65(1). Spring 2004. 27-32.

McEwan, Ryan W.; Arthur-Paratley, Lucia G.; Rieske, Lynne K.; Arthur, Mary A., 2010. A multi-assay comparison of seed germination inhibition by Lonicera maackii and co-occurring native shrubs. Flora (Jena). 205(7). 2010. 475-483.

McEwan, Ryan W.; Birchfield, M. Keith; Schoergendorfer, Angela; Arthur, Mary A., 2009. Leaf phenology and freeze tolerance of the invasive shrub Amur honeysuckle and potential native competitors. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 136(2). APR-JUN 2009. 212-220.

McEwan, Ryan W.; Rieske, Lynne K.; Arthur, Mary A., 2009. Potential interactions between invasive woody shrubs and the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), an invasive insect herbivore. Biological Invasions. 11(4). APR 2009. 1053-1058.

McKinney, Amy M.; Goodell, Karen, 2010. Shading by invasive shrub reduces seed production and pollinator services in a native herb. Biological Invasions. 12(8). AUG 2010. 2751-2763.

Meiners, Scott J., 2007. Apparent competition: an impact of exotic shrub invasion on tree regeneration. Biological Invasions. 9(7). OCT 2007. 849-855.

Miller, J.H. 2003. Nonnative invasive plants of southern forests: a field guide for identification and control. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-62. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 93p.
Summary: Gives full description of Elaeagnus pungens.
Available from: http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs062 [Accessed May 8, 2007]

Miller, Kara E.; Gorchov, David L., 2004. The invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, reduces growth and fecundity of perennial forest herbs. Oecologia (Berlin). 139(3). May 2004. 359-375.

Pringle J. S., 1973. Lonicera maackii Caprifoliaceae Adventive in Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 87(1). 1973. 54-55

Rodewald, Amanda D., 2009. Urban-associated habitat alteration promotes brood parasitism of Acadian Flycatchers. Journal of Field Ornithology. 80(3). SEP 2009. 234-241.

Rodewald, Amanda D.; Shustack, Daniel P.; Hitchcock, Lauren E., 2010. Exotic shrubs as ephemeral ecological traps for nesting birds. Biological Invasions. 12(1). JAN 2010. 33-39.

Runkle, James R.; DiSalvo, Angie; Graham-Gibson, Yolanda; Dorning, Monica, 2007. Vegetation release eight years after removal of Lonicera maackii in West-Central Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science. 107(5). DEC 2007. 125-129.

Schmidt, Kenneth A.; Whelan, Cristopher J., 1999. Effects of exotic Lonicera and Rhamnus on songbird nest predation. Conservation Biology. 13(6). Dec., 1999. 1502-1506.

Swab, Rebecca M.; Zhang, Li; Mitsch, William J., 2008. Effect of hydrologic restoration and Lonicera maackii removal on herbaceous understory vegetation in a bottomland hardwood forest. Restoration Ecology. 16(3). SEP 2008. 453-463.

USDA, ARS, 2007. Lonicera maackii National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
Summary: This website gives common names and distribution for Lonicera maackii.
Available from: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?22596 [Accessed 15 May 2007].

USDA, NRCS. 2007. Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder. The PLANTS Database National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Summary: This website gives information on taxonomy and distribution of a species by state.
Available from: http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LOMA6 [Accessed 15 May 2007]

Watling, James I.; Hickman, Caleb R.; Orrock, John L., 2011. Predators and invasive plants affect performance of amphibian larvae. Oikos. 120(5). MAY 2011. 735-739

Watling, James I.; Orrock, John L., 2010. Measuring edge contrast using biotic criteria helps define edge effects on the density of an invasive plant. Landscape Ecology. 25(1). JAN 2010. 69-78.

Watling, J. I.; Hickman, C. R.; Lee, E.; Wang, K.; Orrock, J. L., 2011. Extracts of the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii increase mortality and alter behavior of amphibian larvae. Oecologia (Berlin). 165(1). JAN 2011. 153-159.

Williams C. E.; Ralley J. J; Taylor D. H., 1992. Consumption of seeds of the Invasive Amur Honeysuckle Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim by small mammals. Natural Areas Journal. 12(2). 1992. 86-89.